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Mayflies

Tiny Insects, Big Clues About Our Rivers

For decades, scientists at Stroud Water Research Center have studied mayflies because they are a hallmark of healthy streams and rivers. When mayflies disappear, something is wrong.

Watch the Magic Happen

A female mayfly lays her eggs. Only a minute later, hundreds of young emerge. Captured by Stroud Center entomologist David Funk, this extraordinary moment has fascinated viewers around the world.

Most mayflies lay their eggs immediately after mating, and the eggs then take anywhere from 10 days to many months to hatch. Cloeon cognatum is an exception because it is ovoviviparous, meaning a mated female retains her eggs internally until embryonic development is complete (about 18 days), after which she lays them in water, where they hatch immediately. This female was dropped onto the water’s surface moments before the video started.

Why We Care About Mayflies

They tell us when streams are healthy.

Epeorus mayfly nymph in a stream.
Photo: Dave Funk

Many mayfly species are sensitive to pollution, warming temperatures, and excess salt. Their presence is one of the clearest signs of clean water.

They help us predict environmental change.

The Stroud Center uses mayflies to study how climate change, road salt, polluted wastewater and stormwater, and other stressors affect freshwater ecosystems.

They reveal nature’s hidden wonders.

Some mayflies can hatch moments after being laid. Others reproduce without males. Scientists are still discovering new species.

Meet the Mayfly Expert

Entomologist and mayfly expert Dave Funk seated at a folding table in a stream, sorting aquatic insect samples.

“I like figuring out who is who, where they live, and why.” — Dave Funk

Few people have done more to reveal the secret lives of mayflies than Dave Funk. During nearly five decades at the Stroud Center, Dave combined scientific discovery with extraordinary photography to showcase the beauty and importance of freshwater insects.

His striking images have been featured in publications including Natural History, Scientific American, and BBC Wildlife, while his research and expertise have been highlighted by outlets such as Science Friday. Thanks to Dave’s work, countless people have discovered that some of the most fascinating stories in nature begin beneath the surface of a stream.

Dorothea mayfly by Dave Funk.
Photo: Dave Funk

The Magic of Mayflies: Explore the remarkable biology behind one of our most beloved freshwater insects.

The Bug Whisperer: Meet Dave Funk and discover how decades of mayfly expertise have transformed freshwater science.

Dave Funk collects macroinvertebrate samples from a stream.

Six New Species Identified: Learn how Stroud Center researchers continue to uncover biodiversity hidden in plain sight.

A female mayfly with a ball of eggs attached to the underside of her abdomen.
Photo: Dave Funk

How Mayflies Keep Perfect Time: Scientists uncovered how mayflies synchronize their life cycles, revealing how climate change could disrupt that timing.

Mayfly presence or absence reveals the story of stream health.

Explore Mayfly Science

Climate and Temperature

Pollution and Water Quality

Biodiversity and Discovery

Leading the Study of Mayflies and Stream Health

The Stroud Center has long been a leader in freshwater science and aquatic entomology. Our researchers have discovered new species, developed tools for assessing stream health, and helped shape scientific understanding of how insects respond to environmental change.

From the hidden lives of mayflies to the health of entire watersheds, our work connects the smallest stream creatures to some of the biggest questions facing freshwater ecosystems today.

More About Mayflies